The Mobile Police Force, popularly known as MOPOL, was established in 1961 as a specialized strike and anti-riot unit of the Nigeria Police Force. It was created to handle major civil disturbances, riots, and internal security situations that regular police formations could not effectively manage. Operating directly under the Department of Operations at Force Headquarters and the Inspector-General of Police, MOPOL serves as the elite, highly mobile paramilitary arm of the Force. With an estimated strength of around 40,000 personnel organized into 12 MOPOL Commands and over 50 Mobile Squadrons (each roughly 700 officers), it is deployed nationwide across all 36 states and the FCT to provide rapid response capabilities.

In practice, the Mobile Police Force is responsible for public order management, crowd control during protests and public events, counter-terrorism support, anti-robbery operations, high-risk VIP escorts, election security, and reinforcement in high-threat areas. It frequently supports other police units and collaborates with the military in joint internal security operations. Known for its mobility, discipline, and tactical training, MOPOL plays a critical role in restoring peace during civil unrest, protecting lives and property, and maintaining public safety in volatile situations across Nigeria.